Cinnamyl carbamates and their utility as herbicides

ABSTRACT

Compounds correspond to the formula   WHEREIN ARYL is phenyl, substituted phenyl, naphthyl and substituted naphthyl in which said substituents are halogen, lower alkoxy, lower alkyl, or when ARYL is substituted phenyl the substituent is also 3,4-oriented-methylenedioxy; R and R1 are independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, chlorine or bromine; R2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, or phenyl; and R3 and R4 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, lower alkenyl, carbethoxymethyl, phenyl and substituted phenyl in which said substituents are selected from the group halogen, lower alkoxy, lower alkyl and nitro, provided that only one of R3 or R4 is phenyl or substituted phenyl. The above-defined compounds are effective herbicides. Representative compounds are: cinnamyl-Nmethylcarbamate; 2-chlorocinnamyl-N-methylcarbamate; cinnamyl-Nallylcarbamate; cinnamyl carbamate; o-bromocinnamyl-N-methyl carbamate.

UnitedStateS Patent [191 Fancher [75] Inventor:

[ CINNAMYL CARBAMATES AND THEIR UTILITY AS HERBICIDES Llewellyn W. Fancher, Orinda, Calif.

[73] Assignee: Stauffer Chemical Company, New

York ,N.Y. 221 Filed: July 12, 1971 [21] Appl. No.: 161,988

Related US. Application Data [62 Division of Ser. No. 719,700, April 8, 1968, PaLNo.

[521' US. Cl 71/106, 71/75, 71/76,

. 71/77, 71/88, 71/111 [51} Int. Cl. A0ln 9/24, A01n 9/28 [58] Field of Search 71/106, 111

[56] References Cited I UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,253,904 5/1966 Bradley 71/111 2,745,729 5/1956 Mowryet al..' 71/111 3,238,036 3/1966 Herrett 71/106 3,672,865 6/1972 Ellis...' 71/106 3,203,949 7 Hopkins et al 71/106 Primary Ekamiher-Glennon l-l. Hollrah Attorney, Agent, or FirmDaniel C. Block et al.

' [451 ;Fep. 5, 1 974 [57] A R C Compounds correspond to the formula wherein ARYL is phenyl, substituted phenyl, naphthyl and substituted naphthyl in which said substituents are halogen, lower alkoxy, lower alkyl, or when ARYL is substituted phenyl the substituent is also 3,4-orientedmethylenedioxy;

alkyl and nitro, provided that only one of R or R is phenyl or substituted phenyl. The above-defined compounds are efi'ective herbicides. Representative compounds are: cinnamyl-N-methylcarbamate; 2-chlorocinnamyl-N-methylcarbamate; cinnamyl-N- allylcarbamate; cinnamyl carbamate; o-bromocinamyl-Nrmethxl, a b imaia 21 Claims, No Drawings CINNAMYL CARBAMATES AND THEIR UTILITY AS HERBICIDES This application is a division of copending application Ser. No. 719,700, filed Apr. 8, 1968 now US. Pat.

This invention relates to certain new compounds and their utility as active herbicidal substances. .ln particular, this invention pertains to certain novel cinnamyl carbamates corresponding to the general formula:

naphthyl in which said substituents are selected from the group consisting of halogen, lower alkoxy, lower alkyl, and provided that when ARYL is substituted phenyl the substituent is also 3,4-orientedmethylenedioxy; R and R are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lower alkyl, chlorine and bromine; R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lower alkyl and phenyl; and R and R are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, lower alkenyl, carbethoxymethyl, phenyl and substituted phenyl in which said substituents are selected from the group halogen, lower alkoxy, lower alkyl and nitro, provided that only one of R or R is phenyl or substituted phenyl and further provided that when ARYL is phenyl, then R or R is not phenyl. Among the active herbicidally effective compounds are included those compounds in which ARYL is phenyl and R or R is-phenyl.

In the above description the following preferred embodiments are intended for the varioTis groups: lower alkyl preferably includes those members which contain from one to about four carbon atoms, inclusive, in both straight chain and branched chain configurations, for

' example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl,

sec-butyl, and the like; lower alkoxy preferably includes those members which contain from one to about four carbon atoms, inclusive, in both straight chain and branched chain configurations, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, sec-butoxy and the like; alkyl preferably includes those members which contain from one to about eight carbon atoms, inclusive, in both straight chain and branched chain configurations, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, amyl, isoamyl, n-hexyl, iso-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, iso-octyl and the like; lower alkenyl preferably includes those members of the group containing at least one double bond and containing from two to four carbon atoms, inclusive, for example, vinyl, allyl, propenyl, l-butenyl, Z-butenyl, S-butenyl and the like; and the term halogen preferably includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.

As a consequence of the special geometry of the carbon-carbon double bond and restricted rotation about this bond, the possibility exists in the compounds of the present invention of geometric isomerism. Cis-trans isomerism is very frequently encountered in this type of structure containing a carbon-carbon double bond. It is recognized that the trans isomers are usually more stable than the corresponding cis isomers. The existence of both stereoisomeric forms is believed to exist for the majority of the compounds described herein. The compounds of the present invention are not limited to any specific geometric isomer configuration. In several instances, as seen below, both stereo isomers have been isolated and characterized. The physical properties of cis and trans isomers are usually quite similar and separation of both from a mixture by techniques such as fractional distillation or crystallization is not always possible.

The method of the present invention of controlling undesirable plants comprises applying an herbicidally effective amount of the above-described compounds to the area where control is desired. An herbicide is used herein to mean a compound which controls or modifies the growth of plants. By an herbicidally effective amount is meant an amount of compound which causes a modifying effect upon the growth of plants. Such modifying effects include all deviations from natural development, for example, killing, retardation, defoliation, desiccation, regulation, stunting, tillering, stimulation, dwarfing and the like. By plants it is meant germinant seeds, emerging seedlings, and established vegetation including the roots and above-ground portions.

The compounds of the present invention can be prepared by employing several different methods. In each method the appropriate cinnamyl alcohol is employed in a condensation reaction according to one of the following methods:

ii ii R To in which ARYL, R, R R2, R3 and R are defined as above.

The intermediate cinnamyl-type alcohols are easily prepared according to the method taught in U.S. Pat.

' No. 3,094,561. This method comprises the condensation of an appropriate arylaldehyde with acetaldehyde of methyliso-cyanate. The initial exothermic reaction is controlled by heating or cooling so that the temperature remained below 55C. The reaction is completed or homolog thereof in the presence of potassium hy- 5 by refluxing the mixture for one hour. The bulk of the doxide and ethanol to yield a cinnamaldehyde-type solvent is evaporated and the solid product crystallized compound. This aldehyde is then reduced using alumifrom cyclohexane. There is obtained 96.2g. of the title num iso-propoxide to form the cinnamyl alcohol-type compoun -P- The S u re SCO firmed compound. The reactions (1), (2) and (3a,b) proceed by infrared spectroscopy. readil in the li uid base. The em 1 me ofa s l- 10 .P m EXAMPLE 2 vent is useful in facilltatlng processing as well as agitation of the reactants. Suitable solvents are benzene, Preparation of Clnnamyl-N,N-dimethyl'carbamatechlorobenzene, toluene and.the like. Where the reaccinnamyl alcohol 31 is dissolved n 2 CC- tion employs an i o yanate, Eq atio (1) supra, it i of pyridine. The mixture is cooled to C. and preferred to carry out the reaction in the presence of y y Chloride ga catalyst, such as, dibutyltindilaurate. When a basic is added With ring beIOW h he miX- halogen halide acceptor is preferred as the catalyst, as ture iS'Warmed 10 a'mild exothermic reaction in reactions (2) and (3a), supra, sodium carbonate or was evidenced by a temperature rise to 54C. After preferably tertiary amines, such as triethylamine, pyriheating on a steam bath for an additional 2.5 hours, the dine, picoline and the like are chiefly employed. 20 mixture is allowed to stand at ambient temperature The reaction temperatures are varied within a fairly overnight. The product is taken up in chloroform and wide range. The process i carri d t b tw 0C washed successively with water, cold dilute HCl and and 180C. preferably between about 10C. and 100C, again with water. The chloroform is dried over anhy- Temperatures are maintained which allow operation in 25 dfOuS 8 4, fi te and the ChlOrOfOrm remo ed in the liquid phase. vacuo. There is obtained 21.4g. (87 percent of theory) Compounds of the present invention are prepared by of a light colored liquid product, he tle ompo the following illustrative examples. n 1.5482. The structure is confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. EXAMPLE 1 30 The following is a table of the compounds which ar prepared according to the procedures set forth above. Preparation of Cinnamyl-N-methyl-carbamate. Sixty- Compound numbers havebeen assigned to them and seven grams (0.5M) of cinnamyl alcohol is dissolved in are employed for identification through the balance of 100 ml. of benzene. To this solution is added 3 drops the specification:

TABLEI R R R2 O R3 l 11 ARYLC=CCHOCN Compound m.p. or Number ARYL R R R R 'R" n,,-

1 phenyl H H H H methyl 57-63C. 2 phenyl H H H H ethyl 1.5450 3 phenyl H H H H allyl 1.5510 4 phenyl H H H H p-Cl- 107 1 10C.

phenyl 5 phenyl H H H H phenyl 1.6084 6 phenyl H H H H n-butyl 46-48C. 7 phenyl H H methyl H methyl 1.5787 8 phenyl H H H H v-cH o- 1.5956

phenyl phenyl H methyl H H methyl Sit-63C. 10 phenyl H methyl H H phenyl -78"C. 1 1 phcnyl H H H p-CH-,- K486C.

phenyl 12 phenyl H methyl H H ethyl 1.5621 13 phenyl H H methyl H phenyl 1.61192 14 phenyl H H H methyl methyl 1.54112 15 phenyl H H H ethyl ethyl 1.5232 16 phenyl H H H allyl allyl 1.5159 17 phenyl H H H H 2.5-cn- Hi-81C.

phenyl l8 phenyl H H H H n-octyl Iii-38C. l9 phenyl H H H H n-C H, 47-49C. 20 phenyl H H H H l-C H-, 757SC. 21 phenyl H H H H CH|C(O) (SO-63C.

QB 22 phenyl H H H H m-N0,- 92-9sc.

phenyl 23 p-Cl-phenyl H H H H methyl lO5-107C. 24 O-Cl-phenyl H H H H methyl 56-59C. 25 O-Cl-phenyl H H H methyl methyl 1.5671

Table l-Continued Compound m.p. or

Number ARYL R R R R 4 030 26 2,4-Cl H H H methyl methyl 1.5808

phenyl 27 2,4-C1 H .H H H methyl 84-87C.

phenyl 28 3,4-C1 H H H H methyl 7578C.

phenyl 29 3.4-C1 H H H methyl methyl 1.5793 30 O-NO H H H H' methyl 6266C.

phenyl 31 0-NO H H H methyl methyl 1.5695

phenyl 32* phenyl H H H H methyl 1.5482 33" phenyl H H H methyl methyl 1.5503 34 m-Cl-phenyl H H H H methyl 57-61C. 35 phenyl H H H H H 119-121C. 36 o Br-phenyl H H H H methyl 6567Ci 37 3,4-methy- H H methyl H methyl 1.5712

lenedioxy-phenyl 38 3,4-methy- H H methyl H phenyl 1.5900

lenedioxyphenyl 39 3.4-meth- H H methyl methyl methyl 1.5832

ylenedioxyphenyl 40 phenyl H H H H t-C H 1.5290 41 4-CH O- H H H H methyl 84-86C.

phenyl 42 2-CH O- H H H H methyl 1.5458

phenyl 43 S-CH O- H H H H methyl 1.5469

p yl 44 2.6-C1 H H H H methyl (waxy solid) phenyl 45 4-CH; -pheny| H H H H methyl 102-103C. 46 l-naphthyl H H H H methyl 1.5852 47 phenyl H Bromine H H methyl 4245C. 48 phenyl H Bromine H H phenyl JO-93C. 49 phenyl Bromine H H H methyl 1.5493 50 phenyl Bromine H H H phenyl 1.5690 51 o-CH H H H methyl 1.5450

phenyl 52 m-Cl- H H methyl H methyl 1.5603

phenyl 53 a-Cl- H H H methyl methyl naphthyl 54 a-Br- H H methyl H methyl naphthyl 55 B-CH O H H methyl methyl methyl naphthyl 56 B-n-C H O- H methyl H H methyl naphthyl 57 B-CH H chlorine H methyl methyl naphthyl 58 ,B-nC;H chlorine H H H methyl naphthyl 59 B-F-naphmethyl H ethyl methyl methyl th 1 60 ph enyl chlorine n-C,H phenyl H allyl 61 4nC H O- bromine H methyl H methyl phenyl 62 4-F-phenyl n-hutyl H H H methyl 63 4-1-phenyl H bromine H methyl ethyl 64 4-CH; methyl n-butyl n-butyl phenyl 65 3 4-Cl n-butyl H phenyl H isopropyl phenyl 66 o-NO -phenyl chlorine H methyl allyl allyl Cis-isnmer of Compound No. l, Cis-isomer of Compound No. 14.

HERBICIDAL SCREENING TESTS 60 treatment, seeds of seven different weed species are pl- As previously mentioned, the herein described compounds produced in the above-described manner are phytotoxic compounds which are useful and valuable in controlling various plant species. Compounds of this invention are testedas herbicides in the following manner.

Pre-emergence herbicide test. On the day preceding anted in individual rows using one species per row across the width of the flat. The seeds used are hairy crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.), yellow foxtail (Setaria glauca (L.) 'Beauv watergrass (Echinochloa crusgalll (I...) Beauv. California red oat (Avena sativa (L.)), redroot pig'weed (Amaranthus rctroflexus (13.), Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (1..)

row, after emergence, depending on the size of the plants. The flats are watered after planting. The spraying solution is prepared by dissolving 50 mg. of the test compound in 3 ml. of a solvent such as acetone containing 1 percent Tween 20 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate). The following day each flat is sprayed at the rate of 20 pounds of the candidate compound per 80 gallons of solution per acre. An atomizer is used to spray the solution on soil'surface. The flats are placed in a greenhouse at 80F. and watered regularly. Two weeks later the degree of weed control is determined by comparing the amount of germination and growth of each weed in the treated flats with weeds in several untreated control flats.

The rating system is as follows:

no significant injury (O-l per cent control) slight injury (25-35 per cent control) -llmoderate injury (55-65 per cent control) +-H- severe injury or death (85-100 per cent control) An activity index is used to represent the total activity on all seven weed species. It is the sum of the number of plus marks, so that an activity index of 21 represents complete control of all seven weeds. The re sults of this test are reported in Table II.

Post-emergence herbicide test. Seeds of five weed species including hairy crabgrass, watergrass, California red oats, Indian mustard, and curly dock and'one crop, pinto beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), are planted in flats as described above for pre-emergence screening. The flats are placed in the greenhouse at 72-85C. and watered daily with a sprinkler. About to 14 days after planting when the primary leavesof the bean plant are almost fully expanded and the first trifoliate leaves are just starting to form, the plants are sprayed. The spray is prepared by weighing out 50 mg. of the test compound, dissolving it in 5 ml. of acetone containing 1 percent Tween (polyoxy-ethylene sorbitan monolaurate) and then adding 5 ml. of water. The solution is sprayed on the foliage using an atomizer. The spray concentration is 0.5 percent and the rate would be approximately 20 lb/acre if all of the spray were retained on the plant and the soil, but some spray is lost so it is estimated that the application rate is approximately 12.5 lb/acre.

Beans are used to detect defoliants and plant growth regulators. The beans are trimmed to 2 or 3 plants per flat by cutting off the excess weaker plants several days before treatment. The treated plants are placed back in the greenhouse and care is taken to avoid sprinkling the treated foliage with water for three days after treatment. Water is applied to the soil by means of a slow stream from a watering hose taking care not to wet the foliage.

Injury rates are recorded l4 days after treatment. The rating system is the same as described above for the preemergence test where. (-l+-), and are used for the different rates of injury and control. The injury symptoms are also recorded'The maximum activity index for complete control of all the species in 'the post-emergence screening test is 18 which represents the sum of the plus marks obtained with the six plant species usea'fii thetest. The herbicide activity index is shown in Table II.

HERBICIDAL ACTIVITY SCREENING RESULTS TABLE II HERBICIDAL ACTIVITY INDE X Compound Pre-emergence Post-emergence Number (20 lb/A) (l2.5 lb/A) l 2| l8 2 l5 l5 3 l4 l8 4 0 3 5 ll 9 6 l3 l3 7 0 ll 8 3 7 9 l5 l6 l0 6 7 l l 6 l2 l2 6 l3 l3 5 l0 l4 3 l4 l5 0 9 l6 3 2 l7 0 4 l8 0 2 l9 l6 13 20 '16 10 2| 3 l 22 O 3 23 l3 12 24 21 I8 25 0 9 26 7 15 27 8 IO 28 l0 12 29 l4 I8 30 9 I6 31 0 9 32 I5 i7 33 6 7 34 l7 i8 35 I8 l8 36 l9 l8 21 SS-IOO'Z control of all 7 weedspecie s tested pre-cmergence. 18 -100; control of all 6 weed species tested post-emergence.

The compounds of the present invention are used as pre-emergence or post-emergence herbicides andare applied in a variety of ways at various concentrations. In practice, the compounds are formulated with an inert carrier, utilizing methods well-known to those skilled in the art, thereby making them suitable for application as dusts, sprays, or drenches and the like in the form and manner required. The mixtures can be dispersed in water with the aid of a wetting agent or they can be employed in organic liquid compositions, oil and water, water in oil emulsions, with or without the addition of wetting, dispersing 0r emulsifying agents. The amount applied depends upon the nature of the seeds or plants to be controlled and the rate of application varies from 1 to approximately 50 pounds per acre.

The phytotoxic compositions of this invention are applied to the plants in the conventional manner. Thus, the dust and liquid compositions can be applied to the plant by the use of power-duster's, boom and hand sprayers and spray-dusters. The compositions can also be applied from airplanes as a dust or a spray because they are effective in very low dosages. In order to modify or control growth of germinating seeds or emerging seedlings, as a typical example, the dust and liquid compositions are applied to the soil according to conventional methods and are preferably distributed in the soil to a depth of at least one-half. inch below the soil surface. It is not necessary that the phytotoxic compositions be admixed with the soil particles and these compositions can be applied merely by spraying the sprinkling the surface of the soil. The phytotoxic compositions of this invention can also be applied by addition to irrigation water supplied to the field to be treated. This method of application permits the penetration of the compositions into the soil as the water is absorbed therein. Dust compositions, granular compositions or liquid formulations applied to the surface of the soil can be distributed below the surface of the soil by conventional means such as discing, dragging or mixing operations.

The phytotoxic compositions of this invention can also contain other additaments, for example fertilizers, pesticides and the like, used as adjuvant or in combination with any of the above-described adjuvants. Other phytotoxic compounds useful in combination with the above-described compounds include for example 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acids, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2 methyl 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid and the salts, esters and amides thereof; triazine derivatives, such as 2,4-bis (3- methoxypropylamino)-@methylthio-S-triazine; 2- chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-S-triazine, and 2-ethylamino-4-isopropylamino-6-methylmercapto-S- triazine, urea derivatives, such as 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-l ,l-dimethyl urea and 3-(pchlorophenyl)-l,ldimethyl urea and acetamides such as N,N diallyl -a -chloroacetamide, N-(a-chloroacetyl)hexamethylene imine, and N,N-diethyl-a-bromace-tamide, and the like; benzoic acids such as 3-amino-2,5- dichlorobenzoic and; thiocarbamates, such as S-propyl dipropyl-thiocarbamate; S-ethyl-dipropylthiocarbamate, S-ethyl-cyclo-hexyl-ethyl-thiocarbamate, S-ethyl hexahydro-lH-azepine-l-carbothioate and the like. Fertilizers useful in combination with the active ingredients include for example ammonium nitrate, urea and superphosphate. Other useful additaments include materials in which plant organisms take root and grow such as compost, manure, humus, sand and the like.

The concentration of a compound of the present invention, constituting an effective amount'in the best mode of administration in the utility disclosed is readily determinable by those skilled in the art. Various changes and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention described herein and will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which it pertains. It is accordingly intended that the present invention shall only be limited by the scope of the claims.

What is claimed is:

1. A method of controlling undesirable vegetation comprising applying thereto an herbicidally effective amount of a compound having the formula wherein ARYL is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, naphthyl, substituted phenyl and substituted naphthyl in which said substituents are selected from the group consisting of halogen, lower alkoxy, and lower alkyl;

R and R are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lower alkyl, chlorine and bromine;

R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,

lower alkyl and phenyl; and

R and R are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, lower alkenyl, carbethoxymethyl, phenyl and substituted phenyl in which said substituents are selected from the group halogen, lower alkoxy, lower alkyl and nitro; provided that only one of R or R is phenyl or sub-stituted phenyl.

2. The method according to claim 1 in which ARYL is mono-halophenyl, R and R, R and R are each hydrogen and R is alkyl.

3. The method according to claim 2 in which monohalophenyl is o-chlorophenyl and R is methyl.

4. The method according to claim 2 in which monohalophenyl is p-chlorophenyl and R is methyl.

5. The method according to claim 2 in which monohalophenyl is m-chlorophenyl and R is methyl.

6. The method according to claim 2 in which monohalophenyl is o-bromophenyl and R is methyl.

7. The method according to claim 1 in which ARYL is phenyl, R, R, R and R are each hydrogen, and R is alkyl.

8. The method according to claim 7 in which R is methyl.

9. The method according to claim 7 in which R is ethyl.

10. The method according to claim 7 in which R is n-butyl.

11. The method according to claim 7 in which R is n-propyl. I

12. The method according to claim 7 in which R is i-propyl.

13. The method accordingto claim 1 in which ARYL is phenyl and R, R, R R and R areeach hydrogen.

14. The method according to claim l in which ARYL is mono-halophenyl, R, R and R are each hydrogen, R and R are each alkyl.

15. The method according to claim 14 in which ARYL is o-chlorophenyl, .R and R are each methyl.

16. The method according to claim 1 in which ARYL is phenyl, R, R and R are each hydrogen and R and R are each alkyl.

17. The method according to claim 16 in which R and R are each methyl. 1

18. The method according to claim 16 in which R and R are each ethyl.

19. The method according to claim 1 in which ARYL is phenyl, R, R, R and R are each hydrogen, and R" is lower alkenyl.

20. The method according to claim 19 in which R is allyl.

21. The method according to claim 7 in which R is n-octyl. 

2. The method according to claim 1 in which ARYL is mono-halophenyl, R and R1, R2 and R3 are each hydrogen and R4 is alkyl.
 3. The method according to claim 2 in which mono-halophenyl is o-chlorophenyl and R4 is methyl.
 4. The method according to claim 2 in which mono-halophenyl is p-chlorophenyl and R4 is methyl.
 5. The method according to claim 2 in which mono-halophenyl is m-chlorophenyl and R4 is methyl.
 6. The method according to claim 2 in which mono-halophenyl is o-bromophenyl and R4 is methyl.
 7. The method according to claim 1 in which ARYL is phenyl, R, R1, R2 and R3 are each hydrogen, and R4 is alkyl.
 8. The method according to claim 7 in which R4 is methyl.
 9. The method according to claim 7 in which R4 is ethyl.
 10. The method according to claim 7 in which R4 is n-butyl.
 11. The method according to claim 7 in which R4 is n-propyl.
 12. The method according to claim 7 in which R4 is i-propyl.
 13. The method according to claim 1 in which ARYL is phenyl and R, R1, R2, R3 and R4 are each hydrogen.
 14. The method according to claim 1 in which ARYL is mono-halophenyl, R, R1 and R2 are each hydrogen, R3 and R4 are each alkyl.
 15. The method according to claim 14 in which ARYL is o-chlorophenyl, R3 and R4 are each methyl.
 16. The method according to claim 1 in which ARYL is phenyl, R, R1 and R2 are each hydrogen and R3 and R4 are each alkyl.
 17. The method according to claim 16 in which R3 and R4 are each methyl.
 18. The method according to claim 16 in which R3 and R4 are each ethyl.
 19. The method according to claim 1 in which ARYL is phenyl, R, R1, R2 and R3 are each hydrogen, and R4 is lower alkenyl.
 20. The method according to claim 19 in which R4 is allyl.
 21. The method according to claim 7 in which R4 is n-octyl. 